Hydraulic press for making tubes out of an ingot.



W. ASTFALGK. HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR MAKING TUBES OUT OF AN INGOT.

APPLICATION FILED 1330.8, 1910. Patented Jan. '7, 1913.

8 SHEETS-1811337. l.

R V Q X, Y w w llllllllll N v E a ASTFALOK. HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR MAKINGTUBES ,OUT OF AN INGOT APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8, 1910. 1,049

PatentedJan. 7, 1918.

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w; ASTFALGK. HYDRAULIG PRESS FOR MAKING TUBES OUT OF AN INGOT.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8, 1910.

- Patented J an. '7, 1913 a SHEETSS HEET 5'.

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I w. ASTFALC'K. I HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR MAKING TUBES O-UT OF AN INGOT.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 8, 1910.

Patented Jan. 7,1913.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

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" 'w. ASTPALGK. k HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR MAKING TUBES OUT OF AN INGOT.

AP ICATION FILED 1330.8, 1910. 1,049,641 Patented Jan.7,1913. T sSHEETS-SHEET 8.

wrLann asrranoir, or nussnnnosr, Gn'nMaNr.

HYDRAULIC PRESS FOR MAKING TUBES OUT 01 AN INGOT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Fatcntcd Jan. '71, 19113.

- Application filed December 8, 1910. Serial No. 586,345.

To cZZ whom it may concern:

Be itknown that I, TIL-AND AsTFALoK, engineer, a subject of the GermanEmperor, and residing at 22 Pempeltorterstrasse, Dusseldorf", Kingdom ofPrussia, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in llydraulic Presses for Making- Tubes out or an Ingot, of which thefollowing is a specification.

The present invention relates to a hydraulic for making tubes out of anin not. The said press is composed of thefollowing parts. '1. Anarrangement by means of which the mandrel and the rain are adv'anced forintroducing the ingot into theperforating operation travel together withthe displaced and receding material. 5 An arrangement for holding thereceiver while the ingot is being introduced, which arrangement isadapted to be released by the main controlling lever. 6. A hydraulic orl110Ci1llll.ul arrangement, by means of which the receiver can travelduring the pressing opera ion with the material of the ingot in thedirection of the pressure. but is'returned into initial position on theram being withdrawn. 7. Means for reducing the friction between themandrel and the material of the ingot, and also the heating of themandrel, consisting of collars on said mandrel or of lubricating andinsulating; material applied to said mandrel. 8. An arrangement forremoving the scale on thesurface of the ingot. 9. An arrangement forcentering the ingot. introducing the block and the pressing ring. 11. Anarrangement for cooling the mandrel. 12. An arrangemenbfor cooling thepressed tube. 13. An arrangement for severing the tube from theremaining material.

The accompanying drawings exemplify in Figure 1 the whole arrangement ofthe press and the distributing gear, the pipe 10. An arrangement for.

connections in'a diagrammatical manner. For thepurpose of obtaining amore simple drawing the constructional details of the several parts havebeen omitted and all parts have been shown as if situated within thesame plane. Fig. 1 is a View of parts shown in F ig. 1 with the valvemechanism and connections modified to facilitate re turn movement oi-the operating parts of the apparatus. Fig. 2 is a detail of thecontrolling gear, shown in another working position. Figs. 3 and 4illustrate a controlling meinber of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale insection and in two working positions. Figsfh and 6 represent in twoviews an ingot, which is to be perforated and then pressed into theshape of a tube. Fig. 7 shows the ingot in the feed mechanism. Figs. 8to 11 illustrate the arrangement for introducing the ingot and thepressing ring, partly in different views, partly'in section and in twodiiterent working positions.

Fig. 12 is a front view of the pressing rin Fig. 13 is the arrangementfor removing the scale from the surface of. the ingot. in Figs. 1 to 16the arrangement for cooling the mandrel is shown in severalmodifications. Fig. 14 also shows the lubricant or heatinsulating-medium applied to the mandrel. Figs. 17 to 19 show themandrel with its cap attached to itand with a collar in three differentmodifications partly in view and partly in section. Fig. QOillustratesthe means of cooling the tube on its inside and its outside. Fig. 21shows the arrangement on the mandrel for severing the tube from theremaining material.

The comm/action of the press according to Figs. 1 t0 4 and itsoperation-11! Fig. 1, 22 is the cylinder of the press, behind whichfollow the feeding cylinder 23 and the re turn cylinder 24. Into thelatter two cylinders, which may be concentrically arranged within eachother, project the two plungers 25 and 26, of which the former opentoward theinterior of the cylinder, the latter on the contrary beingclosed and serving simultaneously in its inside as a cylinder for astationary bored plunger 27. The two plungers 25 and 26 are coupled bymeans of a cross-piece 28, to which the twoauxiliary pistons 29 arecoupled by means of rods 30. These pistons 29 work in the auxiliarycylinders 31. At their ends projecting fromv the cylinders the pistons29 are coupled by the Y means of rods 32 with a cross-piece 38, whichsaid rain, which mandrel is coupled at one end with the crcsspiece 3?with rods 38 for limiting the stroke. his cross-piece is constructed toabut with a. piston or plunger Of course the part of the plungerprojecting beyond the cylinder 22 must be recessed or slotted, so as toallow sufiicient room for the cross-piece 3 The piston 39 may workeither in a special cylinder arranged ithin the hollow piston 34, or thecavity it; of the piston 34 may serve directly as cylinder for thepiston 39. This arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 1. The rods 38 forlimiting the stroke are fitted with ad justable abutincnts 41, whichabut against fixed abutments 42 which may be secured to the cylinder 22.43 is the ingouJiis the receiver, is the holder of the same, so is thedie-holder, l7 is 9.- preferably bifurcated slide, which is also shownin Figs. 8, 9, 16 and and which serves to hold the dieholder. in thereceiver holder pressurechambers 4C8 are provided, in which work theplungers d9 bearing against the receiver. These plungers may, ifdesirable, also be coupled by means of the rods and shown by dottedlines, and a crosspiece 53. to the cross-piece 33, it' a hydraulicoperation of the receiver is dispensed with. in the receiver holder 45catch-bolts may be provided as shown in the drawing, which catclrboltsengage in the receiver 44. and coupled with each. other by lever roclcing around 54 and to the main control by means of rod ge -er 56, 57. Thepressure cyl inder 22 commun cates with the feeding cylinder 23 by meansof a regulable openin v5, 59 is the distributing mechanism it thepressure cylinder, and is shown in Figs. 3 and 4 on an enlarged scale.60 is the dis trlbuting mechanism for the auxil' inders 31, 61 is thecen ralized disti arrangement, 62 the distributing niece n" pressurewater accumulator. end 65 are telescoping tubes, of which the formercoin- .municates at the one end with the pressure cylinder 22, at theother end with the pressure water pipe, the latter communicating withthe cavity 40 in the press plunger. 66 is a non-return valve, whichopens toward the waste water pipe and wiil allow of the feeding water,gradually becoming superfiurms, escaping.

The operation ot the press is asytollows:

When the main controlling lever t g V is movedinto the position ill, thevalve a will be pur ated in lergth to produce the stated results, aswell as other sequence of movements in the valves a, b, c, d, c and j,as hereinafter described. By way of the open valve a the return cylinder2% is put into communication through pipe 69 with the waste waterpassage 70. lhe distributing piston 71 remains in the position shown inFig. 1 While the two distributing pistons 72 and Y3, which telescope ineach other, assume the positions shown in Fig. 3, the cavity 74: of thedis tributing cylinder 75 con'imunicates by way of pipe is (Fig. 1) andthe valve f with the waste water passage 70. F or a better elucidationthe distributing gear according to Figs. 8 and i shall be here brieflydescribed although it is on an already known principle. The distributingpiston 73 moves on the one hand in the distributing cylinder 75, on theother hand in the distributing piston 72, which at the same time closesand opens the opening 58 and thereby opens or interrupts thecommunication between the pressure cylinder 22 and the feeding cylinder23. The distributing cylinder 75 communicates permanently with thepressure pipe 7 9 and by way of the same with the accumulator 63 and inconsequence of the pressure chamber 8 the passage 81. and the bore 82 inthe distributing piston 73 the pressure \vater'will always act in thecavity 83 of the distrib uting piston 72 and tend to keep the twopistons apart, besides aiming to move both pistons to the right. Nhen,however, pressure water is introduced into the pressure chamber is, itwill first move both pistons to the left and as soon as the piston 72strikes with its abutment- 77 against 7 SYthe piston 73 will bedisplaced in 72 according to Fig.

catcs by way of the bored plunger 27 and for the pressure chambers as,and 33 is tic tO-will be under pressure, as the pipe 90 will be incnnmuuication with the accumulator by way of the pipe 88- and the pistonwill be forced outward. so that also the parts 39, 37, 36, 38 and willhave to participate in the hereinbefore mentioned movement to the right.By such movement to the right the ingot is lushed into the receiver lt.It then the IIIMH CODhIOl lever 68 is moved into are moved into the theposition IV, valve a is further opened,

valve Z) further closed, valve 6, will remain closed, valve stillopened, however, valve c 18 opened, and valve d is closed, andnowauxiliary cylinders 31 and act on the pistons N All the herelnbeforementioned parts 29. will now be moved with greater force to the rightwhereby the perfoation of the ingot 43 introduced into the receiver issimultaneously eilected. During this operation the receiver can travelwith the material displaced by such perforation and moving to the left.'lhi abutment 41 must be so adjusted that theyahut against 42 when theperforation is completed.

A fter the perforation has been con'ipleted, the: control lever 68 ismoved into the position -Y. Now the valves (1 and 0 remain open and thevalves Z) and (Z remain closed. At such position or the control leverthe valve 0 is furthermore opened and valve is closed. At; the same timethe rod 97 coup ling all six valves can carry along the rod 57 by meansof the dog 98 provided on rod 97 and engaging with ample play with agrip 99 or the like on rod 57, so that the catch-bolts 53 are withdrawnand release the receiver 44:. The pressure Water can now pass from theaccumulator through pipe 92 and the opened v'alve e by way of thepassagelOO into the cavity above valve 7 and thence through pipe 76 intothe cylinder 74, Fig. 4, so that both distriliiuting pistons 72,position shown in this figure, The opening 58- is closed and pressurewater is introduced in the heroinbefore described manner through passage86 into the pressure cylinder 22, so that the pressing operation can becarried out. The pressure water will thus act during the pressing oicration in the cylinders '22, 31 and in the cylinder cavity 87. As,however, after completion of the perforation the 'abutments41bearagainst the fixed abutments 42, the perforating rain or mandrel 36cannot participate during the pressing operation in the advance of theram 35 so that the piston 39 will be displaced in'the pressure chamber40. The pressure water -can therewith be forced through the tele scopingtube (35 and pipe 90 into pipe 88 and thence into the accumulator; Atthe same time as soon as the pressure operation is commenced thereceiver will be carried to the right,either by the friction bet-weenthe receiver and the ingot 43 or by the shoulder 10.1 of the ram or bybotlnso that a movement between ingot and receiver is not produced orreduced respectively, and power is saved. The plungers at!) provided inthe receiver holder will therewith move to the right. The pressurechambers 48 can permanently communicate through pipes 102 and 105v withthe accumulator, or they may also be separately controlled by a specialcontrolling gear (32 by way of a shut-off mechanism 103.

When the pressing operation is coi'npleted the return motion iscommenced. For this purpose the control lever 68 is moved into theposition I, so that the valves a, c, c, I

sunie their closed position the valves 6, a, 7' their opened positionexactly as shown in Fig. 1. In consequence thereofthechamber 95 or" thedistributing gear is put into communication by Way of pipe 94,- and theopen valve 0?, and the chamber 74- of the distributing gear 59 shown inFigs. 3 and l by way of pipe 76 and the open valve f with the wastewater passage 70, so that the distributing mechanism 71 may be returnedeither manually or by a special mechanical device, for example, throughthe medium of a hand lever 155 or a driving piston 156, connectedwitlrt-he controlling piston 71 and standing under constant accumulatorpressure through the conduit 79 into the position shownin F l and thedistributing mechanisms 72, 73 return in the hereinbefore describedmanner from the.- position according to Fig.4 into the positionaccording to Fig. 3. In consequence thereof the auxiliary cylinders 31and the pressure cyl inder 22 are again put into communication with thefeeding-cylinder 23.v At the same time pressure water will enter fromthe-accuniulatorvfiefs by way of pipe 92, the open valve b, the passage104 and the pipe 69 into the cylinder 24, so that all parts except themandrel 36 with its cross-piece and rods 38 are-moved to the left. Themandrel is merely retained by the pressure prevailing in 40. Only afterthe cross-piece 33 abuts against cross-piece 37, the mandrel will becarried along and returned into, the position according to Fig. i. .Ifthe chambers 48 of the receiver holder 45 are permanently underpressure, the plungers 49 will simultaneously move the receiver into itsleft hand position. This may also be obtained by employing, ashereinbefore stated, a separate distributing mechanism 62, byco-nnectingpipes 102 and 105, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, withthe distributing gear and so adjusting the shut-oil mechanism, that 102is closed after 105. On the return into chambers 48 pressure water maybe conducted by a downward movement of l the controlling lever-106 theconsequent ft. ing of valve g and lowering of valve h from pipe 105 topipe 102 by which means the I movement of the receiver to the left isobtained'. But the pipe 102 may also be connected by a pipe 107 withpipe'69, and a shut-oft mechanism 108 be arranged in the said pipe 107,so that, when said shutofi' mechanism 108 is opened during theperforating and pressing processes. the pressure chambers 4-8 willcommunicate by way of pipes 107 and 69 and the valve (1 with the wastewater passage 70, but be provided during the return motion with pressurewater by way of valve Z) and the same pipes, so that the receiver isreturned into its initial position. The receiver may, however, bereturned into its left hand position by .purely mechanical means only,namely by replacing the plungers 4-9 say, by means of rods or bolts andcoupling them by means of rods 50, 52 with the cross-piece 33. Forfacilitating the return motion a distributing mechanism may be alsoprovided in pipe 88, for the purpose of allowing the pressure water toescape from chamber 87 during the return stroke. For this purpose, thecontroller 61 must be constructed represented in Fig. 1 and the conduit88 need only lead to the valve 157, while from the valve 158:, a con-(hit 88 branches off to the stationary pert'orated piston which projectsinto the pressure chamber 87. In the position I of the lever 68, waterpasses from the cylinder space 87, through the conduit 88" and the openvalve 158, into the outlet channel 70 and escapes. By the oppositemovementof the lever (38, the valve-158 will be closed, and the valve157 raised, and the water can now enter from the accumulator (33 throughthe valve 157, the channel 159 and through the conduit 88 into thecylinder space 87. In other respects, the operation remains the same asdescribed with reference to Fig. 1.

If the press to be stopped by some means,

the control lever 08 is moved into the position ll, so that valve Z) isclosed and pressure water can no more enter into the re turn cylinder24.

The tube is formed in the pressingoperation by the mandrel having asmaller diametcr than the hole in the die or being provided with apoint. and partly projecting into the latter, so that an annular spaceis formed through which the material pressrd out must pass. Inconsequence thereof the end of the mandrel 1' ro cct1ng into the hole ofthe die For bringing always fresh parts of the mandrel into mint-actwith the flowing material the abutmcnts 11- may be set so far to theleft, that after the perforation the mandrel is ad-' .vanccd, beingeither carricdalong by the flowing material or positively moved incorrcspondcnrc with the pressure in the'pr'es.

sure cylinder 22. For this'purpose the shutoil' mechanism 80 must beopened in the latter instancef In consequence thereof the pressure Wateracting in the pressure cylinder during the pressingoperation isconducted by way of the telescoping tubes 64, 65 into the pressurechamber of the pressure piston and it will gradually displace the pistonof the mandrel 39 and therewith also the mandrel.

Protecting tkemandrel against too rapid wear and beatings-The mandrelmay be covered according to Fig. 14 on its surface with a coating 109which will have on the one hand a lubricating,- and on the other a heatinsulating effect; such coating may consist of graphite or any othersuitable material. Thin tubes may also be made of such material and bepushed over the mandrel. Of course it is then necessary to fitthe frontend of the mandrel with a cap 110, as shown in Figs. 11 and 1,4, 15 and17 to 19. In consequence of this cap the hole in the ingot will becomesomewhat larger, so that the mandrel can enter the same with some playand the protective coating will not be scraped oil". In making so calledcompound tubes, the material of which the interior wall of the tubes isto be composed may be arranged inform of a tubular body around themandrel in a manner similanto the insulating tube 109. This materialwill. have only partly an insulating citect but gradually emergetogether with the other material of the ingot through the die andthereby produce the tube. The mandrel cap 110 may also be made ofpointed shape as shown in Fig. 19, so that itwill more easily enter intothe material; the mandrel may.

furthermore be provided with a solid collar 111 according to Fig. 17, sothat the material is forced to pass over this collar and will thereforenot attack the end of the mandrel so much, or the mandrel may be steppedotl at its front end several times as shown in Figs. 18 and 19 and beprovided with collar rings 112 fitted on said steps. Both the cap andthe collars Wlll be forced out in pressing out the ingot 13. Theyshould, however, not have a larger diameter than the hole in the die.Also the collar ring fitted on separately will leave after completion ofthe perforation a free space 113 between. ingot and mandrel, so that themandrel is protected against being overheated, and the material of theingot against being too greatly cooled.

Rcmaval of-the scales on the surface of the ingot.+For this purpose thedie with its holder 46 is given according to Fig. 13 a smaller diameterthan the inside diameter with several guide webs, with which it is ever,not shown in Fig. 13. In pressing out the ingot material ll' there willnot only be formcda tube 114, but simultaneously the skin of the ingot43 will. be forced out shown in Figs. 8 to 11. p the ingot. a cradle 122is employed which through the annular space between the die holder andthe receiver, in other words a sccondthin tube will be formed over thedie holder which tube will. consist of scale only. This is a veryimportant feature as it prevents the impurities created on the surfaceof the ingot during forging from entering into the flesh of the tube114%. if the die holder l6 is providod'with Webs and. therewithcmicentrically guided Within the receiver, these webs willsimultaneously slit the skin of scale 115, so that the latter may beeasily removed.

Centering 2571c iag0zE.-For centering the ingot it may be providedaccording to Figs. 5 or 6 With several webs 116 on its surface arrangedin an axial, hclicoid-al or other direction. which Webs will be slightlyflattened on the block being introduced and will not render theintroduction in any Way more diflicult. but will insure the concentricalpo-. sition of the ingot. If namely the ingot is made to exactly fitinto the receiver, its introduction is ditlicult or requires aconsiderable amount of power. If on the contrary, the ingot is made of asomewhat smaller diameter, it Will not fit concentrically into thereceiver and in consequence thereof be eccen't-rically perforated. Whenthe ingot is provided with guide webs accord ing to Figs. and 6. itsintroduction requires no particular amount of power and. it will remainin a concentrical position during its perforation.

Arrangement for introducing the ingot la/Z 2572c pmvsiay ring'r l hisarrangement is For introducing may be carried on a lever-arm 117 pivotedto the frame of the press, the said lGV1-.

arm 117 being connected by means of a link-rod Wltll a pressure vdevice119. In the latter a pressure medium or a spring 120 may be provided,which actuates the piston 121 secured to the rod 118, whereby lever-*arm 11? is kept pressed upward. The free end of this arm carries acradle or gutter which will receive the ingot and hold it coaxially withthe press in front of the receiver. The lcvcr-ain1 117 has a horizontalslide way 123 and an inclined slide way 1241. The. cross 33 is providedwith a slipper, but pr ihly a roller 125, which traviideways of thelover arm. non the ram and the mandrel are advanced, the roller 125 willfirst travel along the :mi-izontal slide'svay 123 until the their d ll'es pushed the ingot 43 from'the cradle into the receiver When this iseffected and the ram 35 approaches, the cradle, the roller 125 reachesthe slide way 124- inclined in an upward direction, whereby the leverarm 117 is forced down. leaving the Way clear for the ram. In suchpresses preferably a pressing ring 126 is employed arranged in front ofthe pressing ram. Such ring is shown in front view and on an enlargedscale in Fig. 12. If the mandrel is fitted with a cap according to Figs.l4, l5 and 17 to 19, the pressing ring must be previously slipped over.the mandrel and then only the cap is fitted. For allowing of using thisring for-supporting and centering the mandrel both While perforating theingot and particularly in making tubes of a comparatively small insidediameter, when the mandrel will have to be very thin, it is each arm 128is coupled a connecting rod. 9

132 and these are connected. by means of lcver ar1ns133 to a shaft 13 1journaled in the crosspiece 33, on which shaft is fitted a double armedlever 135. On the cross-piece a set-off bar 136 may be arranged, whichis situated with its part 137 projecting down.- ward Withinthe range oftravel of lever 135, When the ram is in the position shown in. F 9, theWhole system of levers 128 and moves into the position shown and bearsagainst the ring 126. "When the ram and mandrel are advanced alsothelevenarms 128 and 130 will be simultaneously moved forward and pushthe ring close behind the ingot After the ring has been intro duced intothe ring in the receiver, the double armed lever will strike against aprojection of the bar 137 and. is "turned to the left, so that the Wholesystem of levers is raised and is moved into the position hown in Fig.8. It consequently will no more be in the way of thefurther advance Illof the mandrel and the rant. When rain and mandrel return, the gravityof the levers 132 will comeinto effectand return the lever-arms 12S andinto the position shown in Fig. 9. This arrangement may, however, alsobe manually. operated. With the object of facilitating the transfer ofthe ingots into the cradle 122, the furnace 138, inwhich they are heatedmay be arranged close to the press and aninclined raceway 132 heprovidedleading from the furnace to the cradle. The cradle may alsobetitted with a strap 1'10, according to Fig. 7, which will serve tohold the ingot and prevent it from falling off in consequence of epossir the cooling of the mandrel may he eli'ected emerging tuhe 114:.

toot-ed against oxidization.

by providing it with a hore ll rl, according; to Fi 14;, which bore doesnot reach quite up to the front, end of the said mandrel. in this herepipe 142 is inserted, which is secured according to l ighl i at. itsleft hand end in a passage 143, to which a flexible hose 1% isconnected. The cooiingwster 01 any other suitable cooling medium entersthrough the latter, passes through the pessage 143 and pipe 142 into thebore 141 end is discharged through passage M5 and flexible hose 'or epipe 146. may, however, be bored according to Figs. 15, 16, 20 almost upto its end and passages and pipes 144 and 146 may he branched on fromthe left hand end of said bore in through the former of which thecooling water is supplied, which will he again (ii charged through thelatter. The t it end of the mandrel me he oroi iced W fine squirtingpassages 1 27 which inept closed by the cap 110 While the ingot heingperforated, that the Water cannot emerge at the front end ct themandrel. When the periioretion has been coinpletezil and. the pi essingof the tube commences, the cap will he carried away, its already stated,by the material emerging from the die and the passages i451 tiller-ehopened so that the voter can emerge according Fig. T'ZGinto the intciorof the tube 114..- end cool the inside of the same. in order to preventtoo high pressures produced by evaporation in the mandrel the dischargepipe 146 may nevertheless be let't open and all suz'olus water will flowoil through it. The tube may also be cooled on its outside 1y the rearextension of the die holder i6 being provided with irt neipassages 14thand encircling these i mstrihuting chamber 150. w supplied with waterthrough a pipe lfil. jhis Water will he thereby sprayed on the outsideof the By eooiii'ig 'he tube on its inside-and its outside it also prolithe ununh'el cap is made as shown in Fig. 1G, and it the mandrel isbored to its 'Wlifile length according to Figs. and iii), oi? course nocooling water should he sent through during toeperforating operation asthe material oi the in 1', mi it he El11t1t 'f sarily cooled during ipesnorzition. lithe mandrel is disphiccohle in the in us in Fig. 1, thesupply nod (i 1 1M ail-u Lit: must 'nui-uml bldllki c t l,,.

The mandrel shown oosen t the rear end of the mandrel. They may thenalso be arranged in the cross-piece Aowmgemant for seeming the f liii'fromzfiie remaining maz em'al' l or the purpose of utilizing the mandrelfor severing the finished tube from the renniining materiel e'i lfl themandrel is, according to 3?. anode from the point which approaches thehole in the die, when the tube is almost finished, that is to say frompoint 36 of such a thickness, that its diameter is equal to the outerdiameter of the tube. When the tube is finished this shoulder will meetwith the edge of the hole in the die, sever by asheziring action thetube from the tailing and push it fully through the hit this moment themandrel may he given an increased advancing movement by opening thedistributing mechanism 89 and by opening the distrihu mechanism 9'1,wherein, this shearing action is quickly etieeted.

l claim:

1. In :1 hydraulic press for pressing tubes out ingots; an ingotreceiver, means for presenting an ingot into position oouinnlly with thereceiver means for introducing the ingot from said presenting means into'ihe in or, means for holding the ingotcorn centricnlly within thereceiver, means ins perforating the ingot while in the receivei' andmeans for pressing the perforated ingot intothc form a tube in :1hydraulic press to messing I out of ingots; ingot receiver, a

the ingot concentrically Within the receii' and menns for perforatingthe ingot in the receiver.

3. In a hydraulic press for pressing 'i'liilQS out of ingots; an ingotreceiver, 1: croi' le constructed to hold "he ingot a; 1 to and from aposition which pringot couxiullfy with the reoeiven m inti-oduei theingot trons said go moms into the receiver, means for hotel the ingotconcen rically within the rceivetu and means for perforating the ingotWhile in the receiver, said cradle being provided with. moons for movingit to and from i delivering position, comprising a men for the cradlehaving means normully mo ing it in one direction and means carried bythe press ram imparting movement to said cradle mounting: in the otherdirection.

4-. A hydraulic press for-perforating ingets and messing the same notethe shunt:

weasel p E?" shoulder against which said collar bears; the collar beingconstructed to guide the mandrel and to enlarge the perforation and.lars mounted on the mandrel, bearing against.- the respective shouldersthereof and constructed to guide the mandrel and Widen the perforation,ind thereby produce acorresponding clearance between the mandrel and thein et 6. A hyr aul c. press for perforating-1ngets and pressing theminto the shape of a tube, comprising a receiver for the ingot and amandrel for'perforatmg the ingot in the receiver; said receiver beingdisplaceable relatively to the. mandrel and in the direetigm. oppositeto the perforating movement'o'f the mandrel and means being provided tocause said displacement of the receiver, with the receding materialdisplaced by the mandrel, during the perforating op eration and therebyreducing friction between the ingot and the receiver.

7 A hydraulic press for perforating in gets and pressing them into theshape'of a tube, comprising a receiver for the ingot and a mandrel forperforating the ingot in the r'eceiveg; said receiver being displaceable relatively to mandrel and in the direction opposite to thperforating move ment of the n'iandrel and means being provided to causesaid displacement of-rthe receiver, "with the receding matenal displacedby theanandrel, during the perforating oporation and means displacing"the receiver in the oppo 'l e direction with the material dis placed (laby redueu friction between the ingot and the receiver.

8. A hydraulic press for perforating ingets and pressing them into theshape of a tube, comprising a receiver for the ingot and a mandrel forperforating the ingot in the. receiver; said receiver being displace:-

ablerelatively to the mandrel and in the direction opposite to theperforating movement of themandrel and means being provided to causesaid displacement of the re ceivcr, with the receding, materialdisplaced by the mandrel, during the perforat ng op eration and meansdisplacing the receiver inthc opposite direction with the materialsupportingplungers.

displaced during the pressing operation.

thereby reducing friction betweenthe ingot and the'receiver; saidreceiver displacing means comprising hydraulically operated 9. ,Ahydraulic press for perforating inor; pressing operation, there-- by themandrel, during the perforating-operation and means displacing thereceiver in the opposite direction with the material dis,- placed duringthe pressing operation, there'- by reducing friction between theingotand the receiver; said receiver displacing means comprisinghydraulically operated support-, ing plungers adapted to return the'ieceiver. into its initial position after the material of p the ingothas been pressed out.

10. A'hydraulic pressifor perforating ingets and pressing them into theshape of a tube, comprising a receiver for the ingot and a mandrel forperforating the ingot in the receiver; said receiver being displacesable relatively to the mandrel and in the di rection opposite to theperfo-ratin; movement of the mandrel and means being" provided to causesaid displacement of the receiver, With the receding material displacedby the mandrel, during the perforating operation and means displacingthe receiver in the opposite direction with the'material dis placedduring the pressing operation, thereby reducing friction between theingot and the receiver; said receiver displacing means comprisinghydraulically operated support ing planners and asystcm of leversthrough which said hydraulically op rated' plungers return the receiverinto its initial position after the material of the ingot has beenpressed out.

11. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots and pressing them into theshape of. tubes, comprising a receiver for the ingot, amandrel adaptedto introduce the ingot into the receiver and means for displacing thereceiver relatively to and in the direction opposite to the movement ofthe mandrel, whereby the receiver moves with the displaced material;saidreeeiver being provided with releasable locking devicesto resistdisplacement of the receiver during the introduction of the ingot.

12. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots and pressing them into theshape ot' tubes, comprising a receiver for the ingot, a mandrel adaptedto introduce the ingot into the receiver and means for displacing hlIGIQCGlVQI' relatively to and in the direction opposite to the movement ofthe mandrel, whereby the receiver moves with the displaced material;said receiver being provided with releasable looking devices to resistdisplacement of the receiver during the introduction of the ingot, andmeans antomatically releasing said locking devices at the commencementof the pressing opera tion.

' 1'3. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots and pressing them intothe shape of .a tube, comprising-a receiver for the "ingot ancnt of themandrel and means being provided to cause said displacement of the re-iceiver, with the receding material displaced by the mandrel, during theperforating operation and means displacing the receiver in the oppositedirection with the material displaced during the pressing operation,thereby reducing friction between the ingot and the receiver, saidmandrel having a shoulder which engages the receiver to assist itsmovement with the displaced ma tcrial during the pressing operation.

14. A hydraulic press for shaping ingots, comprising a receiver, and adie operating in the receiver to shape the ingots; said die and receiverbeing constructed to leave an annular space between them for the escapeof slag and impurities on the surface. of the ingot, whereby the shapedingot is left free from such impurities; there being In. guiding websforthe die in the receiver adapted to slit the slag and skin passingthrough the annular space.

15. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots, comprising a receiver forthe ingot and a mandrel cotiperating to perforate the ingot in thereceiver; said mandrel being constructed hollow and provided with meansfor admitting and discharging a medium for cooling the mandrel duringits work,-

said mandrel. being constructed with spray passages at its front end andprovided with a cap fitting the mandrel to close said openings duringthe perforating operation, but removable to permit escape of the coolingmedium during the movement of the man-" drcl in the opposite direction.

16. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots and thereafter pressingthem into the shape of a tube, comprising a receiver for i the ingot, amandrel adapted to perforate the ingot in the receiver and adieoperating in the I'QCGRYEBL' to impart the Xt9f10f form to the tubeby stroke in the opposite d1- rcct ion to the Working stroke of the mandrel; said niaudrcl being constructed to deliver a cooling medium to thebore which it crates and means being provided to supply cooling mediumto the mandrel; said supplying means being effective only after themandrel has completed the perforation.

17. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots comprising a receiver forthe ingot, a mandrel adapted to operate upon. tnc ingot in the receiver,constructed hollow to receive nosaeei acooling medium, and a combinedlubrication and heat insulation covering on said mandrel to protect themandrel against excessive heating and modify the cooling effect of themandrel. upon the bore in the ingot.

18. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots, comprising a receiver forthe ingot, a mandrel adapted to operate upon the ingot in the receiver,constructed hollow to receive a cooling medium, and a combinedlubrication and heat insulation covering on said mandrel to protect'themandrel against excessive heating and modify the cooling effect of themandrel upon the bore in the ingot, said covering being constructed inthe form of a tube passing over the mandrel.

19. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots, comprising a receiver forthe ingot, a mandrel adapted to operate upon the ingot in the receiver,constructed hollow to receive a coolin medium, and acombined lubricationand reat insulation covering on said mandrel to protect the mandrelagainst for shaping the exterior of the ingot, and a ram for operatingsaid mandrel and die;

said ram being provided with a hydraulic press through Which'it impartsthrust to the mandrel and which releases the mandrel after completion ofthe perforating stroke and. during the Working stroke of the die.

21. A hydraulic press for perforating in-- gets and pressing them intothe form df a tube, comprising a receiver for the ingot, a mandrel forperforating the ingot, a die for shaping the exterior of the ingot, anda ram for operating said mandrel and d e said ram being provided with ahydraulic press through which it imparts thrust to the mam drel and.which releases the mandrel after completion of the perforating strokesand during the Working stroke of the die, adjust-able abutments beingprovided for said mandrel to arrest the latter after completion of itsperforating stroke.

22. A hydraulic press for perforating ingots and pressing them into theform of a tube, comprising a receiver for the ingot, a mandrel forperforating the ingot, a die for siapiug'thc exterior of the ingot, anda ram for operating said mandrel and die; said ram being provided with ahydraulic press through which it imparts thrust to the manrel and whichreleases the mandrel after completion of the perforating stroke andduring the working stroke of the die, the

mandrel being adapted to remain in its projected position until it isagain carried along gets and pressing them into the form of a hydraulicpressure therein and tube, comprising a receiver for the ingot, amandrel for perforating the ingot, a die for shaping the exterior of theingot, and a ram for operating said mandrel and die;.said ram beingprovided with a hydraulic press through which it imparts thrust to themandrel and which releases the mandrel after completion of theperforating stroke and during the working stroke of the die, said lastnamed hydraulic press comprising a cylinder constructed in the ram and aiston working in said cylinder, subjected to adapted to bear against themandrel. 24. A hydraulic" ress for perforating ingots and pressing t eminto the shape of a tube comprising a receiver for the ingot a mandrelfor pressing a bore through the 1ngot and a die for shaping the exteriorof the tube; said mandrel being provided with an external enlargementcorresponding in diameter to the external diameter of the tube to bepi'oduced and adapted to enter the opening of the die and sever the tubefrom the res due of the ingot.

25. In a hydraulic press having a ram for producing. tubes from metalblocks, a feeding cylinder, a plunger cooperating with the feedingcylinder, a return cylinder located within the feeding cylinder, and 'a'noload cylinder located within the plunger. of the feeding-cylinder, andat the same time serving as plunger for the return cylinder.

26. In a hydraulic press having a ram for producing tubes from metalblocks, a feeding-cylinder, a plunger cooperating with the.feeding-cylinder, a return cylinder located within the feeding cylinder,a no-load cylinlin this 15t der located within the plunger of thefeeding-cylinder, and at the seine time serving as plunger for thereturn cylinder, 9. mandre -driving piston, a hydraulic press cylinder,and a cylindrical piston ,cotiperating with the hydraulic press-cylinderand servingas cylinder for the mandrel piston.

27. In a hydraulic press having a ram for producin tubes from metalblocks, a feeding cylin. er, a'pl'unger cooperating with the feedingcylinder, a return cylinder located within the feeding cylinder, and ano-load cylinder located within the plunger of the feeding-cylinder, andat the same time serving as plunger for the return cylinder; there beinga cradle arranged to hold an ingot 00-,

axially to the press, a lifting-arm for said cradle, a suitable sourceof power adapted'td "constantly raise said lifting-arm, and a membercarried by the ram, adapted to depress the'lifting-arm as the ramadvances.

28. In a hydraulic press-having a ram for producing tubes from metalblocks, a feeding cylinder, a plunger cooperating with the feedingcylinder, a return cylinder located Within the feeding cylinder, and and-load cylinder located within the. plunger'of the feeding-cylinder,and at the same time-serving as plunger for the return cylinder; therebeing an advancing device comprising leverarms swingingly mounted uponthe-plunger,

a centering ring against which said advanc- I ring, and meansautomatically removing the adyancing device after introduction 0 thecentering ring, comprising an abutmentl' 'ever, and a fixed abutmentbar.

The fore oing specification signed at Ber- Ii day of November, 1910.

I WILAND AsT a oK.

ing device bears'to introduce the centering I

